Among these SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates, mRNA vaccines are quite remarkable What is mRNA vaccine? Unlike traditional vaccines, an mRNA vaccine consists of an mRNA sequence encoding a disease-specific antigen Once delivered into target cells, the antigen is expressed, processed, presented and recognized by the immune system, and a strong humoral and T cell immune response will be instigated Compared to vaccine production of whole microbes, live attenuated and subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines are believed to be faster and less expensive to produce, and they do not involve in any living stage of the pathogenic virus or bacteria This manufacturing process makes mRNA vaccines a promising bioproduct and potentially fills the gap between the desperate demand for vaccines to control disease outbreaks and epidemics, with the potential to scale and standardize the vaccine manufacturing process Currently, most of the components needed for mRNA vaccine production are available at the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) grade to satisfy commercialization In the last two decades, mRNA vaccines have been investigated extensively for infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy Several mRNA vaccines against infectious disease have showed a promising future, such as mRNA vaccines against influenza viruses, rabies virus, HIV, Ebola virus, and Zika virus The growing body of preclinical and clinical results demonstrates that prophylaxis and therapy with mRNA promises to be useful for the prevention of infectious disease and that mRNA vaccines are safe and tolerated in animal models and humans Despite the great challenges in the creation of new processes to generate mRNA vaccines, such as delivery and translation efficiency, these processes hopefully will be streamlined to establish large-scale production It is just a matter of time for mRNA vaccines to be used in humans and animals